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Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General - Chapter 4
The five drugs within the SSRI class fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, fluvoxamine, and citalopram have emerged as the preferred type of antidepressant for treatment of Anxiety Disorders (Westenberg, 1996; Kent et al., 1998). In addition to well-established efficacy in obsessive-compulsive disorder, there is convincing and growing evidence of antipanic and broader anxiolytic effects (American Psychiatric Association, 1998; Kent et al., 1998). Treatment of panic disorder often requires lower initial doses and slower upward titration. By contrast, treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder ultimately may entail higher doses (for example, 60 or 80 mg/ day of fluoxetine or 200 mg per day of sertraline) and longer durations to achieve desired outcomes (March et al., 1997). As all of the SSRIs are currently protected by patents, there are no generic forms yet available. This adds to the direct costs of treatment. Cost may be offset indirectly, however, by virtue of need for fewer treatment visits and fewer concomitant medications, and cost likely will abate when these agents begin to lose patent protection in a few years.
NIMH · Anxiety Disorders · Complete Publication
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are the oldest class of antidepressant medications. The MAOIs most commonly prescribed for Anxiety Disorders are phenelzine (Nardil ), followed by tranylcypromine (Parnate ), and isocarboxazid (Marplan ), which are useful in treating panic disorder and social phobia. People who take MAOIs cannot eat a variety of foods and beverages (including cheese and red wine) that contain tyramine or take certain medications, including some types of birth control pills, pain relievers (such as Advil , Motrin , or Tylenol ), cold and allergy medications, and herbal supplements; these substances can interact with MAOIs to cause dangerous increases in blood pressure. The development of a new MAOI skin patch may help lessen these risks. MAOIs can also react with SSRIs to produce a serious condition called serotonin syndrome, which can cause confusion, hallucinations, increased sweating, muscle stiffness, seizures, changes in blood pressure or heart rhythm, and other potentially life-threatening conditions.
MedlinePlus: Anxiety
Fear and Anxiety are part of life. You may feel anxious before you take a test or walk down a dark street. This kind of Anxiety is useful - it can make you more alert or careful. It usually ends soon after you are out of the situation that caused it. But for millions of people in the United States, the Anxiety does not go away, and gets worse over time. They may have chest pains or nightmares. They may even be afraid to leave home. These people have Anxiety Disorders. Types include
Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General - Chapter 4
Anxiety Disorders not only are common in the United States, but they are ubiquitous across human cultures (Regier et al., 1993; Kessler et al., 1994; Weissman et al., 1997). In the United States, 1-year prevalence for all Anxiety Disorders among adults ages 18 to 54 exceeds 16 percent (Table 4-1), and there is significant overlap or comorbidity with mood and substance abuse Disorders (Regier et al., 1990; Goldberg & Lecrubier, 1995; Magee et al., 1996). The longitudinal course of these Disorders is characterized by relatively early ages of onset, chronicity, relapsing or recurrent episodes of illness, and periods of disability (Keller & Hanks, 1994; Gorman & Coplan, 1996; Liebowitz, 1997; Marcus et al., 1997). Although few psychological autopsy studies of adult suicides have included a focus on comorbid conditions (Conwell & Brent, 1995), it is likely that the rate of comorbid Anxiety in suicide is underestimated. Panic disorder and agoraphobia, particularly, are associated with increased risks of attempted suicide (Hornig & McNally, 1995; American Psychiatric Association, 1998).
ANXIETY DISORDERS
This brochure was written by Marilyn Dickey, a freelance writer in
Washington, DC. Scientific information and review was provided by NIMH
staff members Hagop Akiskal, M.D.; Jack Maser, Ph.D.; Barry Wolfe, Ph.D.;
and Susan Solomon, Ph.D. Also providing review and assistance were Jim
Broatch, M.S.W., OC Foundation; Stephen Cox, M.D., National Anxiety
Foundation; Jack Gorman, M.D., Columbia University; Alec Pollard, Ph.D.,
St. Louis University; Jerilyn Ross, M.A., L.I.C.S.W., Anxiety Disorders
Association of America; and Sally Winston, Psy.D., Anxiety and Stress
Disorders Institute of Maryland. Editorial direction was provided by Lynn
J. Cave, NIMH.
Anxiety Disorders, National Mental Health Information Center
Anxiety Disorders range from feelings of uneasiness to immobilizing bouts of terror. This fact sheet briefly describes the different types of Anxiety Disorders. This fact sheet is not exhaustive, nor does it include the full range of symptoms and treatments. Keep in mind that new research can yield rapid and dramatic changes in our understanding of and approaches to mental Disorders. If you believe you or a loved one has an Anxiety disorder, seek competent, professional advice or another form of support.
Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents, National Mental Health Information Center
Anxiety Disorders are among the most common mental, emotional, and behavioral problems to occur during childhood and adolescence. About 13 of every 100 children and adolescents ages 9 to 17 experience some kind of Anxiety disorder; girls are affected more than boys. 1 About half of children and adolescents with Anxiety Disorders have a second Anxiety disorder or other mental or behavioral disorder, such as depression. In addition, Anxiety Disorders may coexist with physical health conditions requiring treatment.
Anxiety disorders.
A - Relapse is common after discontinuation of medication for most Anxiety Disorders. Maintenance therapy may be indicated for individuals who frequently relapse (Mavissakalian & Perel, 2001). (Grade A, Level Ib)
NIMH · Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety is a normal reaction to stress. It helps one deal with a tense situation in the office, study harder for an exam, keep focused on an important speech. In general, it helps one cope. But when Anxiety becomes an excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations, it has become a disabling disorder. More about Anxiety Disorders
MoDMH - Division of Comprehensive Psychiatric Services
Following diagnosis by a physician or other mental health professional, treatment may be undertaken through a variety of medical approaches, including behavior therapy, psychotherapy, medication, or a combination. With appropriate medical treatment, sufferers of Anxiety Disorders can improve, recover, and return to normal activities. Today physicians and other mental health professionals have a number of medications and therapies they can use to treat Anxiety Disorders. Research indicates that 90 percent of phobic and obsessive-compulsive patients will recover with behavior therapy. Other studies show that while they are taking appropriate medications, 70 percent of those who suffer panic Disorders improve. Medications also have been shown to be effective for about half of those with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
What are Anxiety Disorders?
Children's Mental Health Facts: Children and Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders (SAMHSA)
The Science of Emotion: Mineka (Library of Congress)
The Science of Emotion: Mineka (Library of Congress)
FCIC: Anxiety -- Fact Sheet
Fear
and Anxiety are a necessary part of life. Whether it's a feeling of Anxiety
before taking a test or a feeling of fear as you walk down a dark street,
normal Anxiety can be protective and stimulating. Unfortunately, more
than 19 million Americans with Anxiety Disorders face much more than just
"normal" Anxiety. Instead, their lives are filled with overwhelming Anxiety
and fear that can be intense and crippling. Although Anxiety Disorders
can be disabling, research supported and conducted by the National Institute
of Mental Health (NIMH) has provided insight into their causes and has
resulting in many effective treatments.
ClinicalTrials.gov - Information on Clinical Trials and Human Research Studies: Trial List
(NCCAM) [SPONSOR] (Anxiety Disorders) [CONDITION]
MedlinePlus: Phobias
Article: The genetic basis of panic and phobic Anxiety Disorders.
NIMH - DIRP Mood & Anxiety Disorders Programs Homepage
The staff of the Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program (MAP) would like to extend a warm welcome to you. We are excited about our clinical research program and look forward to interfacing with the public, mental health professionals, and fellow researchers from around the world. Our mission is to combine vigorous scientific standards with a multi-perspective approach so that we can move forward in the search for the underlying causes of mood and Anxiety Disorders and develop new treatments.
Anxiety Disorders, November 2002 Word on Health - National Institutes of Health (NIH)
The two most effective forms of psychotherapy used to treat Anxiety Disorders are behavioral therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Behavioral therapy tries to change actions through techniques such as breathing exercises or through gradual exposure to what is frightening. Cognitive-behavioral therapy teaches patients to understand their thinking patterns so they can react differently to the things that cause them Anxiety.
Search of: Open Studies | "Anxiety Disorders" - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
Effectiveness of a School-Based Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Treating African American Children With Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety Disorders (Panic Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder) - Evaluation, Treatment and Research at the National Institute of Mental Health
If you consider yourself to experience more Anxiety than those around you or have been diagnosed with generalized Anxiety disorder, social Anxiety disorder, panic disorder, or specific phobia, you may be able to participate in this study examining changes in the body and brain that occur during fear and fear learning. Basic research has identified biological processes that play a key role in fear and Anxiety. The present study examines such processes across those with and without elevated levels of Anxiety to better understand the biological basis of Anxiety Disorders. More specifically, we will be assessing changes in heart rate (EKG), muscle activity (EMG), sweat responses (SCR) and respiration that occur during exposure to mildly unpleasant events. Healthy volunteers who have no history of psychiatric or major medical illness will also be enrolled in this study.
Anxiety disorders.
Most of the Anxiety Disorders respond well to treatment, and the guideline incorporates both psychological and pharmacological treatment approaches. The overall aim of treatment is to control and remove symptoms, reduce morbidity, and improve overall functioning.
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