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IBMFS - Diamond-Blackfan Anemia
25% of DBA patients have physical abnormalities,
often involving malformations of the thumbs. Most patients are diagnosed
within the first year of life. Detecting a
mutation
in a known DBA
gene
confirms the diagnosis. However, failure to find a mutation in a
DBA gene does not eliminate the diagnosis of DBA. This is because
the genes which have been identified so far explain less than half
of the disease occurrences. Currently, DBA is diagnosed
by clinical findings after exclusion of other known causes of pure
red cell
Anemia.
Males and females are affected equally.
MedlinePlus
Medical Encyclopedia: Anemia
The cause varies with the type of Anemia. Potential causes include blood loss, poor diet, many diseases, medication reactions, and various problems with the bone marrow, where blood cells are made. Iron deficiency Anemia is most common in women who have heavy menstrual periods.
Anemia
"Anemia" (uh-NEE-mee-uh) occurs when you have less than the normal number of red blood cells in your blood or when the red blood cells in your blood don't have enough hemoglobin (HEE-muh-gloh-bin). Hemoglobin is a protein. It gives the red color to your blood. Its main job is to carry oxygen from your lungs to all parts of your body. If you have Anemia, your blood does not carry enough oxygen to all the parts of your body. Without oxygen, your organs and tissues cannot work as well as they should. More than 3 million people in the United States have Anemia. Women and people with chronic diseases are at the greatest risk for Anemia.
What Is Anemia?
Anemia (uh-NEE-me-eh) is a condition in which a person s blood has a lower than normal number of red blood cells (RBCs), or the RBCs don t have enough hemoglobin (HEE-muh-glow-bin). Hemoglobin an iron-rich protein that gives the red color to blood carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. In people with Anemia, the blood does not carry enough oxygen to the rest of the body. As a result, people with Anemia feel tired, along with other symptoms, because their bodies are not receiving enough oxygen. In severe or prolonged cases of Anemia, the lack of oxygen in the blood can cause serious and sometimes fatal damage to the heart and other organs of the body.
Anemia in Kidney Disease and Dialysis
If you have lost at least half of normal kidney function ( based on your glomerular filtration rate calculated using your serum creatinine measurement ) and have a low Hct, the most likely cause of Anemia is decreased EPO production. The National Kidney Foundation's Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (DOQI) recommends that doctors begin a detailed evaluation of Anemia in men and postmenopausal women on dialysis when the Hct value falls below 37 percent. For women of childbearing age, evaluation should begin when the Hct falls below 33 percent. The evaluation will include tests for iron deficiency and blood loss in the stool to be certain there are no other reasons for the Anemia.
What Is Sickle Cell Anemia?
Sickle cell trait is different from sickle cell Anemia. People with sickle cell trait don t have the condition, but they have one of the genes that cause the condition. Like people with sickle cell Anemia, people with sickle cell trait can pass the gene on when they have children. To learn more about sickle cell trait, see the section on causes of sickle cell Anemia .
N C H S - FASTATS - Anemia
Number of residents with Anemia: 174,600
Sickle Cell Anemia Disease Profile
In general, both
children and adults with sickle cell Anemia are more vulnerable to infections
and have a harder time fighting them off. This is the result of spleen
damage from sickled red cells, thus preventing the spleen from destroying
bacteria in the blood. Infants and young children, especially, are susceptible
to bacterial infections that can kill them in as little as 9 hours from
onset of fever. Pneumococcal infections used to be the principal cause
of death in children with sickle cell Anemia until physicians began routinely
giving penicillin on a preventive basis to those who are diagnosed at
birth or in early infancy.
MedlinePlus: Anemia
Your iron might be too low because of heavy periods, pregnancy, ulcers, colon polyps, colon cancer, inherited disorders or a diet that does not have enough iron. You can also get Anemia from not getting enough folic acid or vitamin B 12. Blood disorders such as sickle cell Anemia and thalassemia , or cancer may also lead to Anemia.
Anemia
If an adequate history and physical examination have been performed, the etiology of Anemia may be obvious and confirmatory studies and appropriate therapy undertaken with a minimum of investigation. If this is not the case, a definite plan of investigation must be initiated. This should consider the cost to the patient, as well as establishing the etiology of the abnormality. A rational approach is to begin by examination of the peripheral smear and the laboratory values obtained on the blood count. If the Anemia is either microcytic or macrocytic or if certain abnormal red blood cells or white cells are seen in the peripheral smear, the investigative approach can be limited (see Tables 147.1 – 3 ). For example, in a microcytic hypochromic Anemia, a source of bleeding should be sought; the appropriate laboratory tests would be either a serum iron and total iron binding capacity, a serum ferritin value, or a stain of a bone marrow specimen for iron. If the serum iron was decreased and the total iron binding capacity increased, a diagnosis of iron deficiency could be made, therapy initiated, and a search for the cause of the iron deficiency begun. If this cannot be shown, then each of the other causes of a microcytic Anemia listed in Fable 147.1 should be suspected; the order in which they should be investigated could be influenced by findings in the history, physical examination, and peripheral smear. Similarly, with a macrocytic Anemia, a reasonable approach would be to determine if the bone marrow aspirate was megaloblastic and if so, attempt by appropriate laboratory studies to incriminate either vitamin B 12 or folic acid deficiency. Similar to the establishment of a diagnosis of iron deficiency Anemia, a diagnosis of vitamin B 12 or folic acid deficiency does not stop with an abnormal laboratory value for one of these vitamins because the underlying etiology must be delineated.
Identification, diagnosis, and management of anemia in adult ambulatory patients treated by primary care physicians: evi
For patients with hemoglobin of 9.5 to 10.9 g/ dL, it was rated 'inappropriate' to just observe the patient if the patient had Anemia symptoms or cardiovascular disease. If the patient had Anemia symptoms, the use of erythropoietic growth factors was rated 'appropriate' (or 'uncertain' if no Anemia symptoms were present). The use of blood transfusion was rated 'inappropriate' if the patient had no Anemia symptoms, 'uncertain' in the presence of just Anemia symptoms, and 'appropriate' if the patient had Anemia symptoms and underlying cardiovascular disease.
Nutrition for Everyone: Iron Deficiency | DNPA | CDC
Iron is a mineral needed by our bodies. Iron is a part of all cells and does many things in our bodies. For example, iron (as part of the protein hemoglobin) carries oxygen from our lungs throughout our bodies. Having too little hemoglobin is called Anemia. Iron also helps our muscles store and use oxygen.
anemia
microcytic / hypochromic Anemia
NIH - Anemia
Anemia in Kidney Disease and Dialysis
Dictionary of Cancer Terms
Dictionary of Cancer Terms
New Hope for People with Sickle Cell Anemia (FDA Consumer Reprint)
Research continues on other possible ways of reducing the occurrence of painful sickle cell episodes by increasing the production of fetal hemoglobin. For example, NIH scientists are studying whether a combined regimen of hydroxyurea and erythropoietin, a hormone that increases the production of red blood cells, is less toxic and more effective than Hydrea alone. (Erythropoietin is licensed by FDA to treat Anemia in certain patients.) Studies are also under way to determine the safety and efficacy of butyrate, an experimental drug that can stimulate production of fetal hemoglobin.
IBMFS - Fanconi's Anemia (FA, or Fanconi Anemia)
Often called
aplastic
Anemia, which is diagnosed when all 3 types of cells
(red cells,
white cells a
platelets )
are abnormally low because the bone marrow is not producing
them.
Aplastic Anemia - Evaluation, Treatment and Research at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
Researchers at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, a part of the Department of Health and Human Services, are investigating methods of treatment for severe aplastic Anemia. Hematologists are comparing the effectiveness of three immunosuppressive regimens in previously untreated (no prior immunosuppressive therapy) patients. The study may help increase blood counts, reduce Anemia symptoms, and/ or reduce dependence on immunosuppressive medications and transfusions. If determined eligible to participate, you (your child) will be selected by a process based on chance to receive one of threee therapies.
X-linked sideroblastic anemia - Genetics Home Reference
X-linked sideroblastic Anemia is an inherited disorder that prevents red blood cells (erythrocytes) from making sufficient hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein that carries oxygen in the blood. In X-linked sideroblastic Anemia, red blood cells cannot use iron efficiently to make hemoglobin. As a result, the body tries to compensate by absorbing more iron from the diet. Iron that is not incorporated into hemoglobin builds up in other tissues and organs in the body, where it can cause damage.
Anemia, sickle cell
Sickle cell Anemia is the most common inherited blood disorder in the United States, affecting about 72,000 Americans or 1 in 500 African Americans. SCA is characterized by episodes of pain, chronic hemolytic Anemia and severe infections, usually beginning in early childhood.
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