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Allergic bronchospasm and airway hyperreactivity in the guinea pig.
In passively sensitized guinea pigs, show infusion of an amount of ovalbumin insufficient to evoke Airway Obstruction induces hyperreactivity of the airways. A wide range of changed responsivity was observed for different test spasmogens, with leukotriene C4 greater than histamine greater than prostaglandin F2 alpha greater than bradykinin greater than leukotriene E4 greater than serotonin greater than acetylcholine. Injection of ovalbumin as a bolus produced pronounced Airway Obstruction without hyperreactivity. Airway Obstruction due to vascular engorgement (dextran infusion) or edema (histamine infusion) did not result in hyperreactivity. Infusion of PAF induced pronounced Airway Obstruction together with hyperreactivity, but with a rank order of histamine greater than leukotriene C4 greater than serotonin greater than bradykinin greater than leukotriene E4 greater than acetylcholine. It can be concluded that allergic Airway hyperreactivity in the guinea pig is spasmogen-selective and largely independent of Airway Obstruction. These observations question the presumption of non-selective hyperreactivity in allergic asthma and cast doubt upon the proposal that Airway hyperreactivity is secondary to Airway Obstruction.
Upper Airway Obstruction
Upper Airway Obstruction
MedlinePlus
Medical Encyclopedia: Acute upper airway obstruction
Acute upper Airway Obstruction may have any of a number of causes including viral and bacterial infections, fire or inhalation burns, chemical burns and reactions, allergic reactions , foreign bodies, and trauma. The blockage can be complete or partial. Mild Obstruction may result in air hunger, while more severe Obstruction can lead to cyanosis (a bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes caused by lack of oxygen in the blood), confusion, or unconsciousness. Complete Obstruction, if not corrected, leads to rapid suffocation and death.
Upper Airway Obstruction
Upper Airway Obstruction
Safe Kids Tips: Airway Obstruction
Children, especially those under age 3, are particularly vulnerable to Airway Obstruction death and injury due to their small upper airways, their relative inexperience with chewing and their natural tendency to put objects in their mouths. Additionally, infants' inability to lift their heads or extricate themselves from tight places puts them at greater risk.
Estimation of airway obstruction using oximeter plethysmograph waveform data
Analysis of both direct arterial waveform and oximeter plethysmograph waveform data for calculation of arterial flow have previously been explored in the laboratory setting. Cerutti and colleagues provide compelling data from conscious, freely moving Sprague-Dawley rats [ 26 ]. These investigators compared different models of central arterial line waveform analysis with simultaneously recorded cardiac output. A model using different waveform parameters identified by multiple linear regression analysis provided a reliable and precise estimation of cardiac output. Although these investigators did not use oximeter plethysmograph waveforms, their findings nonetheless support the principal of waveform analysis. Steele and colleagues performed an unblinded study on one healthy adult, breathing through a valve to which Airway resistance was applied to artificially induce pulsus paradoxus. For this subject, the percent decrease in plethysmograph waveform height during the respiratory cycle correlated modestly with pulsus paradoxus calculated similarly from intra-arterial waveform (r = 0.59, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.78). This study was limited by the small subject size (n = 1) and did not measure the degree of Airway Obstruction generated by the resistance valves in use. The technique relied upon determination of phases of the respiratory cycle and capture of waveform indices in accordance with estimated peak inspiration and expiration [ 16 ].
Search of: "Airway Obstruction" - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
A Study of Omalizumab in the Prevention of Allergen Induced Airway Obstruction in Adults With Mild Allergic Asthma (AQUA)
ETB receptor polymorphism is associated with airway obstruction
The prevalence of Airway Obstruction (FEV1 = 80%predicted) was higher among subjects genotyped GG than in those genotyped AA or AG. In multivariate logistic regression, the risk of Airway Obstruction was not different between centres or between men and women. Heavy smokers had a four-fold increased risk compared to non-smokers (adjusted Odds-Ratio (OR) = 4.04 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.22 13.43). When pooling together subjects with AA and AG genotypes, and after adjustment for centre and smoking, the risk of Airway Obstruction was higher in the subjects carrying the GG genotype, as compared to other subjects (OR = 3.19 (95%CI 1.43 7.15)). When the analysis was run separately in never smokers to discard any possible residual confounding by tobacco, there was a tendency for a higher frequency of Airway Obstruction in GG subjects as compared to AA+GA (7.1% vs. 0.6%, respectively, p = 0.004 using Fisher's exact test). However the prevalence of Airway Obstruction was very low in this group of subjects (2.97%, overall), and no association was observed for FEV1 %predicted or FEV1/ CVF ratio. Only 54 subjects were considered as heavy smokers at the time of the survey. In order to assess the association in subjects at risk of Airway Obstruction because of tobacco smoking, we analysed separately the 201 subjects who reported a cumulative history of smoking of more than 12 pack years. When smokers who cumulated more than 12 pack-years were considered, the prevalence of Airway Obstruction reached 4.97%. In this group, Airway Obstruction was significantly more frequent in GG subjects (adjusted OR = 7.42 (95%CI 1.69 32.6)) and the FEV1 %predicted was lower in carriers of the GG genotype as compared to AA+AG (table 4 ). Similar results were obtained when the analysis was further restricted to the 118 subjects with a cumulated history of smoking of more than 20 pack years (results not shown).
MedlinePlus
Medical Encyclopedia: Breathing difficulty
Airway Obstruction
Energy Citations Database (ECD) - - Document #6133113
The authors performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in 2 groups of ponies.^Principal ponies had a history of heaves, a disease characterized by recurrent Airway Obstruction and Airway hyperreactivity when ponies are housed in a barn and fed hay; control ponies had no history of Airway Obstruction.^Ponies were paired (principal and control), and BAL was performed after 2 months of being pastured when principal ponies were in clinical remission (Period A), after barn housing when principal ponies had acute Airway Obstruction (Period B), and after a 1- and a 2-wk recovery phase of pasture grazing (Periods C and D).^At Periods A, C, and D, white blood cell counts and immunoglobulin/ albumin ratios in peripheral blood and BAL fluid of principal and control animals did not differ.^However, at Period B, neutrophil numbers in the BAL fluid were increased in the principal but not in the control animals.^The IgG/ albumin ratio of the principal animals increased at Period C. They conclude that in ponies with a history of heaves, barn exposure results in increased neutrophils in BAL fluid.^In this pony model of lung disease, pulmonary leukostasis follows a time course similar to that of Airway Obstruction and Airway hyperreactivity.
Electronic Code of Federal Regulations:
(b) Classification. Class II (special controls) (“Class II Special Control Guidance Document for Acute Upper Airway Obstruction Devices”). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter, subject to §868.9.
Management of Asthma: Diagnosis - Initial Therapy (C1)VHA Clinical Practice Guideline for COPD or Asthma: Management of Asthma
I. Therapeutic Trial for 2 to 6 Weeks Using Inhaled Corticosteroids and/ or Inhaled Short-Acting Beta2-Agonist - Patients with asthma who have demonstrated Obstruction and do not demonstrate bronchodilator response may demonstrate improved pulmonary function following a therapeutic trial of 2 to 6 weeks. Therapeutic trial consists of inhaled corticosteroids, and/ or oral corticosteroids, and/ or inhaled beta2-agonist. Airway Obstruction is considered reversible when PEF or FEV 1 has increased >
State of California - ALS and BLS Comparision
Are we going to have 2 separate videos for the Assessment triangle, or is there really not going to be a course intro for the BLS? I think that Airway Obstruction (recognition, back slaps, Heimleich) should be considered BLS skills. In addition, we can teach parents trach care, but we don t include it with BLS? If you accept the premise that Airway Obstruction and trach care should be taught to BLS providers, then the only differences in videos will be OG/ NG, ET, length based tape, IO-vascular access.
Chronic obstructive airway disease - Glossary Entry - Genetics Home Reference
Pulmonary disease (as emphysema or chronic bronchitis) that is characterized by chronic typically irreversible Airway Obstruction resulting in a slowed rate of exhalation -- abbreviation COPD.
Nebulized racemic epinephrine for extubation of newborn infants
Failure of extubation may result from a number of factors including alveolar atelectasis, decreased respiratory drive associated with prematurity, or inadequate pulmonary mechanics associated with a compliant chest wall. A further factor is the increased Airway resistance associated with laryngeal and sub-glottic oedema. The increased Airway resistance alone may be enough to cause failure of extubation (this may be obvious in an infant with post-extubation respiratory distress and stridor) or may act in addition to other factors. The use of inhaled nebulized racemic epinephrine in the infant without any overt symptoms of upper Airway Obstruction may therefore decrease Airway resistance sufficiently to allow successful extubation. This may be particularly important in the in VLBW infant where a very small decrease in internal diameter of the upper Airway can result in large increases in resistance.
The Risk To Esophageal Obstruction Associated with the Use of An Anti-Allergy Medication (Claritin-D 24 Hour).
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: A substantial number of reports to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's post-marketing drug surveillance system indicated a possible risk of esophageal Obstruction associated with the use of the anti-allergy medication Claritin-D 24 Hour (Schering Corporation), leading to the reformulation of this drug. This study investigates the relative risk and incidence rates of this adverse event esophageal/ upper-Airway Obstruction, due to the use of Claritin-D 24 Hour (a large, round, extended release tablet) compared with two smaller formulations of Claritin in a large, managed care population.STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study design was utilized, with three study groups: one exposed (users of Claritin-D 24 Hour) and two control groups' users of Claritin-D 12 Hour (control group 1) and users of regular Claritin (control group 2). Administrative data were analyzed to identify users in each group during the period 9/ 1/ 1996 through 12/ 31/ 1998. Subjects were required to have at least 90 days of continuous enrollment prior to and 30 days after their first prescription (Index claim). Outcomes were identified using diagnoses / procedure codes indicating esophageal or upper Airway Obstruction events. Medical records were reviewed for members with claims-based outcomes within 0 or 1 day of the Index Date (date on Index Claim) to validate case status and obtain information on other potential risk factors/ previous history of esophageal disorders.POPULATION STUDIED: Commercial and Medicare members enrolled in 12 UnitedHealth Group-affiliated managed care plans.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: There were 233,901 users and 432,387 prescriptions (3.1 prescriptions on average per user) for all three formulations combined, with 61% (142,587) female and 39% (91,314) male. The highest proportion of users was in control group 2 (137,585; 59%), followed by control group 1 (61,090; 26%) and the exposed group (35,226; 15%). Claims analysis identified 245 potential cases of esopha
EMS Procedures
EMS Procedures
respiratory airway pressure
Prev Term: respiratory Airway Obstruction
Oregon SAFE KIDS Safety Tips
Airway Obstruction injury is the leading cause of unintentional injury-related death among children under age 1. The Airway Obstruction injury death rate among children ages 14 and under declined 15 percent between 1987 and 1998. However, the Airway Obstruction injury death rate among children under age 1 has shown no decline in the past decade. Airway Obstruction injury is the leading cause of unintentional injury-related death among children in this age group.
Search of: "Airway Obstruction" - Search Details - ClinicalTrials.gov
"Airway Obstruction"
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